Features of construction of a bath from a bar for all-season

At the moment, saunas from a bar with or without a terrace are in demand and popular in the entire post-Soviet space. Wood is an environmentally friendly, allergen-free material, and therefore the use of log-shaped baths guarantees excellent well-being for every day.

Construction technology

How, and with the use of some technologies, is the bathhouse built from a bar? The technology of construction of such objects is not new, but every year the range of timber modifications expands, so you can choose the optimal lumber with which the building will fully meet the requirements of technical and operational standards.

The assembly of a bath from a bar is a multi-stage process consisting of such moments as:

• site investigation;
• design and budgeting;
• procurement of materials;
• land works and foundation laying;
• laying waterproofing;
• construction of the log;
• finish

Study area

Study area преследует цель выявить те или иные особенности грунта, способные, так или иначе, повлиять на эксплуатацию готового здания. Такая работа выполняется профессиональными геодезистами, способными определить глубину залегания грунтовых вод, а также степень плотности и стабильности грунта.

Design and budgeting

Drawing up project documentation for a log house from a bar is a very important stage, during which instructions for the construction of a future home are being developed and drawn up. The project includes drawings, sizes, elements of decoration, as individual premises, and buildings as a whole.

The design of baths is done by specialized specialists, because only a qualified approach to the development of drawings can ensure the reliability and durability of the object.

On the basis of project documentation, it is possible to make an estimate that the price of the object was known in advance.

Tip: when making estimates, you can use a number of online lumber quantity calculator suggestions.

Material procurement

Procurement of material - this is the stage on which depends how much time is needed for the shrinkage of the object.

If there are specific sketches of baths from a bar and the amount of necessary building material is known, it will be necessary to provide a place for storing wood.

The best option is to purchase sawn timber chamber, as they are brought to acceptable moisture content and construction does not require shrinkage.

If a bar of natural moisture has been introduced for construction, it can be folded in piles on the section. Considering that stationary and mobile baths from a bar are exposed to regular exposure to high humidity, lumber must be specially treated.

For wood processing, antiseptic and flame retardant solutions are used, which, on the one hand, ensure the hydrophobicity of the material, and, on the other hand, make it safe in case of fire.

Land works and foundation laying

The excavation work consists in leveling and compacting the soil. Further, in accordance with the project, the perimeter of the object, the location of the supporting walls and partitions are marked.

The foundation depends on the configuration of the building. As a rule, a bath from a bar with a pool and other relatively light structures are placed on a shallow base, which, for example, can be supported by a columnar foundation.

Concrete blocks measuring 40x20x20 cm are used for the construction of the foundation for a log bath. As a result, the building will be located above ground level at a height of over 20 cm.

The advantage of this type of foundation is the absence of strict requirements for the terrain. Pits are drilled under supports, the depth of which is calculated so that the surface of the blocks, as a result, is evenly located in the horizontal plane.

Sand and crushed stone are poured into the pits prepared for the pillars. The resulting sand and gravel pad will assume the weight of the whole structure.

If the building plot is perfectly level, you can use a strip foundation. This design fits around the perimeter of the supporting walls and at the site of the partition walls.

In contrast to the support-column foundation, such a structure is laid to a depth of 59 cm and more. A trench 40 cm wide and not less than 50 cm deep is excavated throughout the entire length of the bedding.

A wooden formwork with a minimum height of 20 cm is arranged along the top of the trench. A layer of sand is laid on the bottom of the trench, over which a layer of fine-grained gravel is laid. On top of the gravel is a row of rubble stone, about 25 cm high.

Despite the fact that the wooden bath is a building with a small load on the soil, the foundation should be reinforced with reinforcing bars. The trench is poured with concrete on the basis that the finished structure is 20 cm above the ground level.

If construction is carried out in the summer, the foundation, for the time of drying, it is advisable to cover with cellophane. After the concrete has grabbed, the formwork is bent off and all the irregularities on the surface of the foundation are leveled with a mixture of sand and cement.

Laying waterproofing

Laying waterproofing проводится на уже готовом фундаменте. В настоящее время, на рынке есть немало гидрофобных материалов, среди которых:

• bitumen coating mixtures;
• synthetic polymeric resins;
• roll materials;
• special additives for integration into concrete during the construction phase of the foundation.

The use of waterproofing has a single goal: to prevent the formation of condensate at the junction of timber and concrete.

• The budget method of arrangement of waterproofing is the use of coating mixtures based on bitumen. The mixture is applied with a layer of no more than 2 cm. The only significant drawback of such waterproofing is fragility, as over time it loses its elasticity and cracks.
• Polymer resins are used similarly to compositions made on a bitumen base, but, unlike bitumen waterproofing, polymeric resins are more durable, since they do not crack for longer.
• Rolled materials are most common as waterproofing. An inexpensive and effective solution is a ruberoid cloth. However, there are more modern modifications of this material, for example: aquaizol, isoelast, crembite, ecoflex, etc.
• Additives for integration into the foundation to waterproofing as such do not apply, but can significantly reduce the degree of porosity of concrete and increase its hydrophobicity.

Tying the log bath

The modern bath from a bar 150х150 is a construction which differs in the high durability and reliability. Stability and constancy of the geometric dimensions is provided at the stage of laying the first crown (row). Therefore, at this stage, an exceptionally high-quality and durable timber with a minimum number of defects is applied.

To prevent rotting, the underside of the first timber is covered with a thin layer of bitumen mastic. For ease of construction and reliability of the result, in the bottom row all spike connections of the harness should be made in half-tree. A similar type of connection can later be used during the installation of ceilings and floor lags.

A bath from a bar 100 per 100 or 150 150 is built using angle joints of the following types:

• corner through-angle joint in half-tree (Fig. a) with obligatory fixation with wooden dowels or metal reinforcement bar embedded in the foundation;
• a connection to a semi-lap (fig. b) with a mandatory fixation of the connection by means of a wooden dowel;
• the spiked joint (Fig. c) does not require fixation by means of dowels and is performed when laying two or more straps laid on top;
• the connection with an angular pan (Fig. d) also does not require fixing with the dowels and is performed when laying two or more strapping laid on top;
• a through spike joint does not require fixing by means of dowels and is performed when laying two or more straps laid on top;
• compound double counter hemi-currant.

In that case, if the connection of the bars is performed with the use of metal elements, the latter should be handled with a large number of anti-corrosion agents.

Construction of a log house

Once the harness is ready, it's time to start building a log house. The first thing raised bearing external walls. For this purpose, the bar is 140x90 mm.

According to the standard, the height of the walls is 17 crowns, which is equivalent to 2.35 meters. This height is the optimal solution for sufficient air exchange when using heating devices with an open flame.

For optimum thermal insulation, jute tape insulation is laid between the adjacent bars. All overlaps in the corners are necessarily sealed with special hydrophobic compounds.

To ensure maximum strength of the wall material, in the process of laying the bars are attached with nails of 200 mm. It is important to hammer in nails, sink them a few millimeters into the wood, so that the upper row of lumber lies down tightly without gaps.

The window

Bath 3 to 3 of the beam or similar structures are equipped with the same trimmer, which is used in the standard log house. The only difference is the small size of the windows and, as a result, work in the confined space of a small opening.

Okosyachka (obsad) windows and doors consists of upper, lower and side beams. All these elements are installed in a groove pre-cut in the opening.

The use of okosyachki has two main objectives:

1. First, to provide additional stability of the construction of lumber.
2. Secondly, thanks to the use of professionally manufactured casing, a 3 by 3 bar bath takes on a finished appearance, indicating its readiness for commissioning.

Assemble rafters

Do-it-yourself installation of rafters begins when load-bearing walls are raised. To save time and to reduce labor costs, the rafters are assembled on a single sample, that is, one template is made, according to which rafters are sawn and knocked together. These structural elements are made with the calculation of the location every 60-90 cm.

After installation of rafters is finished, the lathing is nailed and the roof is equipped. Despite the rapid assembly, log baths are full-fledged construction objects, which use the standard roofing system, covered with slate or metal tile.

Note! During the construction of the roof, it is advisable to use a vapor barrier and insulation, resistant to the effects of high humidity.

Finish

Both stationary and mobile bath from a bar must have internal and external decoration, made taking into account the scope of the building. Excessive humidity in combination with the episodic nature of use and rapid temperature changes adversely affect the condition of the wood. Therefore, all the bars should be treated with antiseptic agents.

In addition, wooden plinths should be nailed around the perimeter of the entire room, which will prevent moisture from penetrating into the gap at the junction of the walls to the floor or ceiling.

Important: you should not warm the floor and use waterproofing, as moisture will penetrate into the gaps between the floorboards, which will result in rotting and destruction of wood. Important: should not be used for interior decoration paint and varnish on a synthetic basis, since their use will negate all the advantages of natural wood.

When processing the exterior, synthetic varnishes and paints can be used to help protect the wood from the negative impact of environmental factors.

Conclusion

What is more justified: the acquisition of a finished bath or the construction of such a building from scratch on its own? And how feasible is the construction of baths from wood?

Wooden timber is an environmentally friendly, safe building material that, when interacting with moist air, does not release toxins and allergens into the external environment. Again, properly harvested lumber allows you to build structures at the same time reliable and durable.

With sufficient skills in construction and knowing how to use carpentry tools, you can build a log cabin under the bath yourself. On the other hand, it is possible to order and purchase transport baths from a bar and, thereby, save time required for construction.

After reviewing the main stages of the construction work, you can make a general impression about how a timber structure is being built. If you have any questions related to lumber buildings, watch the video in this article.