Diy concrete staircase: complete production cycle

In order to ensure communication between the floors in a residential building, it is often not wooden, but concrete stairs that are erected - to build such a structure with your own hands will of course be somewhat more difficult, but as a result it will turn out to be much more durable and reliable.

Below we describe all the stages of manufacturing such products, from design to decorating.

The advantages of concrete structures

Moving between the floors of the building is provided by the arrangement of stairs. As a rule, in low-rise housing construction, either wooden structures or standard products made of reinforced concrete are used. They are quite simple to install, in addition, their price will be much lower than when pouring lifting on an individual project.

Note! If it is necessary to adjust the reinforced concrete ladder block to the span dimensions, the cutting of the reinforced concrete with diamond circles is most often used.

However, in some cases it becomes necessary to build an interfloor structure with a solid margin of safety without using standard modules.

Of course, the complexity of the work increases, but a new concrete staircase will have the following advantages:

• Firstly, its carrying capacity exactly corresponds to the design loads. Through the construction of concrete stairs, we ourselves can choose the size and configuration of reinforcement, the class of concrete, etc. So the result will be quite predictable.
• Secondly, we will be able to adjust the dimensions of the structure to our requirements. Of course, the calculation of the concrete ladder should be based on the standards of GOST and SNiP, but within these limits we are free to choose the size we need.
• Thirdly, we are still at the design stage can lay in the design opportunities for further finishing. Because externally, this staircase will be much more attractive!

Projection

Choosing the type of ladder

So, if we decided that a concrete staircase to the second floor would be built with our own hands, then we need to start by defining its structure:

• First, we need to decide whether the product will be monolithic, or we will only build kosoura from reinforced concrete, connecting them with metal or wooden treads. The first option is preferable from the point of view of strength, however, the material consumption, and the load on the foundation will increase many times.
• Secondly, you need to decide on the configuration. Therefore, the parameter ladders are divided into marching and screw. The first version is quite available for self-production, while the screw design is better to entrust the care of professionals.

Note! The number of marches is also important. The easiest way to do a single flight of stairs, but it is not always possible in rooms with high ceilings.

In the future, we will describe the method for constructing a single-arm monolithic staircase. More complex structures are mounted according to a similar algorithm, but with the obligatory correction for the number of spans and their geometry.

Sizing

Comfort and safety when moving in steps will largely depend on whether their configuration will meet several standards. To make the design of concrete stairs easier, we entered the main parameters in the table:

It should be noted that when calculating the steps usually follow this ratio:

2H + L = 60 ... 64 cm, where

• H - step height.
• L is the width of tread.

Thus, the lower our steps will be, the wider treads need to be laid in the project.

Assembly work

Construction of formwork

Once the project is ready, you can get to work.

Filling a concrete staircase with your hands begins with the construction of concrete formwork:

• From waterproof plywood not less than 20 mm thick or 30 mm planks we assemble shields to form kosourov and lower planes.
• We strengthen the construction with construction bars with a cross section of at least 80x80 mm.
• We collect all the details using phosphated screws for wood. For additional fixing on the corners, you can install steel plates.

Tip! The inner part of the formwork should be greased with used oil or lined with plastic wrap. This will make it easier for us to dismantle the wooden parts and protect the plywood from getting wet.

• Inside the formwork we place reinforcing rods, connected or welded into a grid with a cell of 150x150 mm.

• In parallel, we install metal mortgages, to which railing rails will then be welded. This will allow us to reduce labor costs at the finishing stage, because otherwise the installation will have to use diamond drilling holes in the concrete.

Fill construction

Before you pour the concrete stairs, prepare the solution. To do this, we take cement grade not lower than M350, add to it two parts of sand and three parts of gravel. The resulting mixture is diluted with water to the consistency of the batter.

Note! If you plan to build a large structure, it is easier to buy a large amount of ready-made concrete. In this case, the strength class of the solution should not be lower than B15-B20.

Filling is carried out as follows:

• First, we fill the entire formwork with mortar.starting from the bottom span.
• Thoroughly compact concrete material by vibrating or sticking, making sure that the formwork does not start to deform.
• If necessary, strengthen the frame additional props.
• Next, we smooth the treads with a metal scraper, leveling their planes by level.
• For the solution to gain sufficient strength, you need to slow down the evaporation of the liquid.. To do this, we cover the poured ladder with polyethylene and once every two to three days we moisten the concrete surface.

28 days after pouring the structure is dismantled.

Finish

The final stage in the construction of the stairs is its decoration:

• At the first stage, we grind all concrete surfaces except those that will be hidden behind decorative materials.
• Then we fasten the railing rails to the metal buckets on the kosoura, on which we mount the rest of the fence.
• Installation of wooden fencing structures is also allowed, but in this case all parts must be securely fastened to the concrete base using anchors. The optimum depth of the fastener is about 50-60 mm.
• As a finishing decor can be used facing a concrete staircase with tiles, mounting on treads and risers of wooden panels, or simply polishing concrete with the use of stabilizing and dedusting impregnations.

Tip! If you want to get a pure concrete staircase, then at the stage of preparing the solution, you can make pigments and decorative additives (glitter, mineral fillers, etc.).

Conclusion

The above information about how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands, it is quite possible to take as a guide to action. The main difficulty in the implementation of such a project will be its complexity, because the cement mortar is a rather difficult thing. For the rest, the newcomer can quite easily cope, especially if, before starting work, he will carefully study all the recommendations and videos in this article.