Dismantling of reinforced concrete: classification of

In this article we will talk about how and in accordance with what requirements the dismantling of reinforced concrete is performed. In addition, we consider the main reasons for performing such work.

What caused the need for dismantling

Concrete and reinforced concrete has long been used as the basis for the construction of various construction objects, as well as load-bearing and structural elements that are resistant to the bearing load and provide rigidity and durability of the structure as a whole. Thus, industrially manufactured concretes are not only used today, but also used earlier in the construction of a wide variety of buildings and structures.

This type of building materials is characterized by increased resistance to the negative effects of various environmental factors. But, despite the numerous advantages, sooner or later, the dismantling of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is carried out.

There are several reasons for the demolition work, and all of them can be triggered by such processes as:

• object design change;
• redevelopment of the premises with their own hands;
• works aimed at increasing the bearing capacity of various structural elements, including columns, floors, foundations, etc .;
• work focused on reducing the load on certain elements;
• elimination of individual elements in order to eliminate defects or to prevent future damage.

Features of the dismantling

Dismantling of monolithic reinforced concrete is a technically complex undertaking requiring significant material and time costs. That is why this category of work is performed by specialized organizations that have a staff of professional workers and specialized equipment.

Instructions for the implementation of dismantling works include such activities as:

• demolition of residential or public buildings;
• partial or complete dismantling of objects (cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles, demolition of partitions, floor slabs, etc.);
• demolition of emergency facilities;
• dismantling of industrial facilities;
• alteration or disassembly of foundations with varying degrees of penetration.

Classification of dismantling works in relation to reinforced concrete structures

Technological map for the dismantling of reinforced concrete structures involves the following methods of implementation:

• the mechanical method requires the use of special equipment and auxiliary mechanisms, including a ball and a wedge-hammer;
• semi-mechanical method requires the use of pneumatic and electric tools, such as for example jackhammers, mechanical saws, devices which are diamond drilling holes in concrete;
• the use of mini-robots that work effectively in cramped and potentially dangerous conditions for humans;
• electro-hydraulic method, implemented through the use of hydroclines (in terms of efficiency, the method is similar to explosive effects, but with all its effectiveness, it does not create a blast wave, and therefore is safe)
• the explosive dismantling of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is the most dangerous and requires the maximum experience and professionalism from the performers;
• the combined method is the most common, as it is the most universal solution that combines the potential of several other methods.

Important: Regardless of which technology is chosen to demolish a concrete object, it will be necessary to use hydraulic jacks, cranes, cargo handling equipment, etc. Consequently, the cost of performing these works in any case will not be low.

Classification according to exposure method

All current dismantling technologies in accordance with the principle of impact are divided into the following two categories:

• Shock dynamic impact method provides for the use of jackhammers and perforators. This method is only good if the object is subsequently not used for its intended purpose. In addition, this method involves a high degree of dust formation and a large noise level. (See also Concrete dedusting article: how to do.)
• Unstressed way of destruction, during which cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond circles is applied, is relevant if the building is not subject to demolition or there is a need to do this work as carefully as possible. The method is good for low dust and noise. In addition, the use of special equipment reduces the time required for the implementation of the planned work.

Stages of dismantling

As already mentioned, the dismantling of reinforced concrete is high, and therefore the implementation of these works requires the most responsible and professional approach. Given the complexity of the process, work on the planned breakdown and demolition of reinforced concrete structures are carried out in stages.

We list the main stages, the implementation of which is mandatory:

• At the first stage, project documentation is developed, including a plan for upcoming work;
• Further, equipment and tools are prepared that will be needed for the planned activities;
• It is mandatory to build temporary barriers along the perimeter of the object to ensure the optimum level of security in the adjacent territories;
• A complete shutdown and careful dismantling of utilities that were involved in the facility;
• A complete disassembly of the roofing system is performed with the obligatory removal of construction materials from the site;
• The building is being demolished, including the destruction of ceilings, load-bearing walls, internal partitions and other structural elements;
• The dismantled elements of a building or structure are sorted with subsequent transportation and disposal of construction waste. (See also the article Putty for concrete: how to do.)

Important: The price of dismantling works is determined by the complexity of the configuration of the object and the type of technology used for this.

Conclusion

Now you know how to dismantle reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that this work itself is complex and potentially dangerous, there are technologies through which you can ensure success in accomplishing the task.

If you have any questions, you can get comprehensive answers by watching the video in this article.