Construction of houses from profiled timber 200x200: pros,

Is it possible to build a house from a profiled bar 200x200? What are the requirements for the bearing capacity of the foundation? Are the insulating qualities of the material sufficient? How to build walls with your own hands? We will try to answer these and other questions in the article.

Introduction to the material

Let's first find out what constitutes a 200 to 200 profiled bar as a building material.

The form

It can be quite complex.

As a rule, two or three sides of a timber are profiled:

• In the first case, grooves are selected on the upper and lower planes. Their shape is such that the upper surface is joined to the lower surface of the next bar in the vertical row with minimal gaps.
• In the second case, the outer (street) side of the timber is also profiled. It is usually made semi-circular.

Production

There are two main ways of turning a log into a product of interest to us.

1. In the first embodiment, the log is dissolved on the longitudinal sawing sawmill. At the exit we get a bar with untreated flat surfaces. Then it is planed with profiled knives, as a result of which the wood becomes flawlessly smooth.
2. The alternative is to run a log through a so-called four-sided machine, where four profile mills in one pass turn it into a finished product. Such production is more technological; but in order to minimize the amount of waste, it requires precise selection of the sawlog section.

Please note: we do not affect the production of glued laminated timber. He is recruited from the lamella (planed boards) and has a lot of advantages at, however, very immodest cost.

Mass of walls and type of foundation

What kind of load does the profiled bar 200x200 create on the foundation?

In the calculations we can rely on the following calculations:

• With a balanced construction of the house, its total mass is approximately equal to twice the mass of the external walls.
• The density of wood depends on its type and moisture content of the material. With a 12 percent humidity, a cubic meter of spruce weighs 450 kilograms, pines - 500, larch - 660 kg.

Let's calculate the approximate weight of a house of two floors with a size of 10x10 meters, provided that the height of the floor is three meters.

1. The total length of the walls is 10x4 = 40 meters.
2. The height of the outer walls is 3x2 = 6 meters. The area is 40x6 = 240 m2.
3. The volume with a thickness of 20 cm is equal to 240 m2 x0.2 m = 48 m3.
4. The mass of the walls, if we used pine timber, is 48 m3 x 500 kg / m3 = 24000 kg; for larch the weight will increase to 48 * 660 = 31680 kg.
5. The total mass of the house can be estimated at 48 and 63 tons, respectively.

Is it a lot or a little? Let's just say: the carrying capacity of one screw pile measuring 108/300 millimeters (pipe / blade), depending on the type of soil, is estimated at 2-4 tons. So, in the worst case, we need 63/2 = 32 piles, at best - 48/4 = 12 piles.

Conclusionы очевидны:

1. Two- and three-storey wooden houses of profiled timber 200x200 require the calculation of the bearing capacity of the soil; depending on it, strip or screw foundations can be used.
2. Single-storey houses of profiled timber 200x200 can definitely be built on cheap and unpretentious screw foundations.

Thermal conductivity

Is there enough heat to keep the walls of the house from the profiled bar 200 to 200?

Or, perhaps, they need additional warming?

1. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of dry pine is approximately equal to 0.18 W / m * s.
2. The required resistance to heat transfer depends on the region.

Here are some values ​​for different cities of Russia:

• Moscow - 3.01 m * C / W.
• Arkhangelsk - 3.39.
• Vladivostok - 3.0.
• Kaliningrad - 2.59.
• Magadan - 4.08.
• Nalchik - 2.49.
• Stavropol - 2.45.
• Khabarovsk - 3.42.

To calculate the required wall thickness, multiply the reference values. For example, in the Moscow region, the required wall thickness is 3.01 * 0.18 = 0.54 meters. In Magadan - 4.08 * 0.18 = 0.73 m. In the Stavropol region - 2.49 * 0.18 = 0.45 m.

Conclusion: проекты домов из профилированного бруса 200х200 должны предусматривать дополнительное наружное утепление.

Correction: failure to comply with the norms of SNiP on the thermal resistance of the walls does not mean that the house will not survive the winter; however, the cost of heating it will be unnecessarily large. Taking into account the fact that the price of energy carriers is constantly growing, saving on insulation seems to be meaningless.

Advantages and disadvantages

How intelligent is it to use profiled timber? Does he have any reasonable alternatives? Let's examine the positive and negative sides of the solution against the background of other wooden structures.

pros

• Thanks to the profiled surfaces, the walls are not blown even into strong wind. However, compaction (as a rule, jute) is still desirable.
• Due to the high-quality surface treatment, the walls are beautiful both outside and inside. In fact, interior decoration is not required: it is enough to varnish wood. The outer side can be left visible only if additional warming will not be performed.
• Often, the buyer is offered a ready domokomplekt, which (adjusted for size) is not going much harder than the children's designer.
• Compared with a log log of the same cross-sectional area, timber has a slightly lower thermal conductivity. Understanding the reason is simple: if the diameter of the beam is unchanged over the entire area of ​​the wall, then the log wall is a sequence of extensions and contractions. It is clear that the latter conduct the heat better.

• The whole profiled one compares favorably with the laminated timber by price. The difference can reach 1.5 - 2 times.

Minuses

• During the first half of the year (and sometimes longer), the walls of the beam shrink, reaching 10%. At this time, construction has to be conserved. Glulam is devoid of this problem: its dimensions are constant.
• Cracks during drying are also characteristic for solid timber. In any case, their number at glued is much less.
• As already mentioned, to achieve an acceptable thermal resistance of walls, a timber of 200x200 size needs to be insulated. Lathing, insulation, windbreak and paneling will increase the final cost of the walls by about 30-40%.

Note: both the frame house and the walls of sip-panels are cheaper than a log house, even without taking into account its additional thermal insulation.

Construction: important stuff

How should the construction of the profiled bar 200x200?

Are there any nuances, features that you should know?

• Antiseptic impregnation is required. At low cost, it significantly extends the life of the walls, and at the same time makes them less flammable (all modern antiseptics include flame retardants). Of course, flame retardants do not guarantee complete fire protection, however, impregnated wood ignites much less willingly.
• It is believed that the wood is better to harvest in the winter, when sap flow ceases. This ensures a more even and relatively slight shrinkage.
• Reinforced concrete foundation or grillage before construction of walls is blocked by waterproofing. For this purpose, can be applied two layers of roofing material or a single layer of glass insulation.
• The width of the foundation or grillage should be noticeably greater than the thickness of the timber: for 200-mm walls, a base diameter of not less than 35 cm is recommended. Not only walls but also floor beams rest on the foundation.
• Not the first crown of profiled timber is put on top of the waterproofing, but the so-called bottom trim - an ordinary timber of the same thickness as the walls of rotting wood. The most commonly used larch: even without impregnation, it does not rot in the most adverse conditions.
• In the corners, the rail is fastened to the base with steel pins or conventional long anchors.

It is useful to clarify: the instruction is controversial, and some builders do not consider fastening mandatory. However, during seismic activity, a rigid fixation of the strapping is guaranteed not to allow the walls to move.

• For fixing the timber used oak dowel thickness of 25-30 millimeters. The length should allow them to tie together three crowns. Dowel pitch - about 1.5 meters; mount in the corners is mandatory.
• The seal fits over each crown without gaps and bulges.

Conclusion

As you can see, the material under discussion is difficult to give an unambiguous assessment: it has a lot of advantages and rather weighty disadvantages. As always, the video in this article will provide additional information on the topic concerned.

Successes in construction!