Concreting the walls. laying of concrete mix in the

The construction of any structure is divided into several stages, where the important role is played by the stage responsible for the construction of vertical supporting elements - walls. Most private developers believe that the concreting of the walls cannot be done on their own, well, or, in extreme cases, you will have to spend two to three times more time and money on this process. We will try to dissuade you from this.

Walls - as the basis of the structure

Perhaps the most important issue in the design of a building is the choice of building materials for the installation of basic structures.

The walls of the building perform several functions simultaneously:

• Enclosing
• Carrier.
• Aesthetic.

Therefore, the most careful approach should be to the choice of material for them.

The construction market offers us a wide range of different options, while each has its own plus or minus:

• Concrete wall slabs;
• Brick;
• Slag blocks;
• Foam concrete blocks;
• Silicate blocks;
• Concrete blocks for walls.

Private developers prefer masonry materials, as they are light and easy to work. For the construction of brick or concrete walls do not require special equipment, just get a hand tool. And surely almost every man knows how to build a wall with his own hands, using similar resources.

Modern professional urban development relies on the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings, both civil and industrial. The main bearing structures of such a structure are reinforced concrete walls and the foundation, which have increased strength.

Monolithic concrete walls

The device of monolithic reinforced concrete supporting structures at first glance does not pose any difficulty.

Simplified process can be divided into three stages:

• Formwork preparation and assembly.
• Execution of reinforcement structures.
• Directly pouring concrete mix.

But with all the seeming simplicity, works on the construction of monolithic concrete structures have their own nuances. And, of course, must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of GOST and SNiP "Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures."

Note! At each stage of the device of monolithic structures, before proceeding to the next stage, acceptance of work performed is required. Acceptance is to verify compliance with the project, taking into account the volume of consumed materials and drawing up the results of the act of hidden works.

Technology and organization of work

Any construction process is preceded by preparatory work. The technological sequence of construction cycles and the organization of optimal conditions for conducting work on a construction site is governed by the project of production of works (PPR).

This document, almost exhaustive construction instructions, is compiled in accordance with the regulatory requirements prescribed in the SNiP:

• Bearing and enclosing structures.
• Concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
• Concrete works.
• Safety regulations and labor protection.
• Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining executive documentation, etc.

According to the CPD, before starting to concrete the walls, the following should be done:

• The device of temporary entrances and roads for the passage of construction machines and mechanisms to the concreting site.
• Providing power supply and site lighting.
• Delivery from an on-site warehouse and preparation of all necessary:

• Mechanisms.
• Tools.
• Inventory.
• Auxiliary devices.

The correctness of the formwork assembly is monitored by a linear worker at the master site.

Note! Willingness of scaffolding and scaffolding for work at heights is assumed to be responsible for safety engineering. He also conducts instructions on the safe conduct of work with the registration of admission for each employee involved.

Concrete Workers

The structure of the link on the concreting of walls includes three people (on most sites the number of people is not limited to three):

• One concreter of the fourth category.
• Two concreter second grade.

Note! If the conduct of concrete work will be associated with the involvement of a crane, concrete workers must have a sling certificate.

Scaffolding tools

According to the technological maps for reinforcement, the device of the formwork and the device of the walls of concrete, the workers who receive and lay the concrete at a height use scaffolds assembled for the previous stages.

In this case, as a means of scouring can be used:

• Floorings with fencing on consoles, mounted directly on the formwork.
• Movable stages and platforms.

Attention! Concreting vertical constructions with ladders is strictly prohibited.

Features of laying concrete mix in the construction of partitions and load-bearing walls

The nuances of placing concrete into vertical structures depend on several parameters:

• The thickness of the concrete wall.
• Its height.
• Type of formwork used.

Here are some of them:

• When constructing monolithic walls in the assembled formwork, the concrete mix is ​​placed in sections of a height of not more than 3 meters.
• If the thickness of the reinforced concrete wall is more than 500 mm with a planned weak reinforcement, use a concrete mix with a mobility of 4-6 cm.
• For thin and often reinforced structures of walls and partitions, more mobile mixtures from 6 to 10 cm can be used.
• Concreting of elements up to 150 mm thick is performed by tiers up to 1.5 m high. Formwork is erected on one side to the full height, and on the side of the mixture supply - to the height of the tier. This provides ease of doing work and improves quality.

Note! When the first tier is filled with concrete, the formwork is expanded for the next.

• If the supporting wall of concrete is designed with a length of over 20 m, it is divided into sections of 7000-10000 mm and delimited by their separating formwork.
• The concrete mix is ​​fed directly into the formwork at once in several sections along the length of the section, selected by the method:

• Tubs.
• Vibrozhelobami.
• Betononasosami.

Note! Concrete pumps are quite complex and expensive equipment that requires the involvement of concreters and highly skilled mechanics. Therefore, this technique is used in exceptional cases.

• When the concrete mix is ​​supplied using a concrete pump, it is allowed to set the formwork to the full height at once. But at the same time the end of the concrete pipe should be immersed in the laid concrete. This method is called pressure concreting.

• When concrete is poured on walls with a height of more than 3000 mm, link trunks are used and the mortar is distributed by horizontal layers with a thickness of 300 to 400 mm with the obligatory subsequent compaction.
• The supply of the concrete mixture to one point is not recommended, since this reduces the quality of the surface, the concrete is not homogeneous due to the formation of inclined loose layers.

Care

At the end of the laying of the concrete mix in the formwork, the process is not considered complete, as it requires a certain care for fresh concrete.

In the process of recruiting design strength, concrete should be protected from:

• Effects of precipitation.
• Rapid loss of moisture.
• Freezing (in the winter season).
• Random movement of people on it.

Interesting! If necessary, perform concrete work in frosty weather, fresh concrete is subject to mandatory heating, to accelerate the process of hardening and curing.

Finishing work on concrete

Upon completion of the construction of the main building structures begins the stage of insulation (if necessary) and finishing works. Practically under any finish you will have to decide how to level the concrete wall prior to the installation of the finishing coating.

Depending on what will be the final finish of the wall and the state of its surface depends on the degree of preparatory alignment.

There are two ways to level the walls:

• Dry, that is, plasterboard plasterboard.
• Wet, implying the use of various leveling mixtures.

When choosing a suitable leveling method, the state of the wall surface should be evaluated.

• In case of presence of only minor defects in the form of cracks or small irregularities, stop your choice on puttying solid or in places.
• If the face is large concreting flaws, then it is better to immediately turn to drywall.

Although the price for building mixtures is not very high, yet at the expense of large volumes it will significantly hit your pocket. In addition, the multilayer application of the mixture on the shoulder only an experienced plasterer, but with a drywall leveling and novice can handle the novice.

Concrete wall repair

It happens that there is a hole or hole in the concrete wall for some reason that does not suit you. How to deal with it? The question of how and how to seal holes in a concrete wall is also easy to solve with the help of a building mixture, but with a special additive for the rapid hardening of concrete structures.

For a quality repair there are several conditions:

• Before filling the holes with a solution, you must first clean the base of dirt, dust or cracked old plaster.
• The large hole (old socket from the socket or switch), first fill the pieces with dried alabaster (plaster), and then putty.
• To fix a big hole or gap, you can use a mounting foam. Before foam injection, the repair site should be dust-free and wetted with water. When the foam dries, cut off the excess with a construction knife and you can begin to seal the mixture.

Attention! When working with quick-hardening mixtures, remember that you should work on the living, while the mixture is plastic. In this regard, it is better to knead the repair mixture in small portions.

• Very large holes fill first with broken concrete or brick. If the hole is through, fix the plaster net on both sides and fill with mortar.

Dismantling of concrete walls

If you have conceived redevelopment of the premises and this is permissible in your case, the actual question is how to break the concrete wall.

Note! The first thing you need to do when deciding to dismantle parts of the wall or completely remove it, find out whether it is possible and get permission for redevelopment.

The next step is the choice of a tool with which you eliminate the barrier to a new vision of the apartment space.

It can be:

• Bulgarian.

• Jackhammer.
• Powerful punch.

In principle, each of the proposed tools can perfectly cope with the task, the only difference is:

• How time-consuming the process will be.
• What degree of cluttering or dusting the apartment are you ready to accept?

Note! In the process of demolishing the wall, do not forget about the possible hidden engineering communications in it. They must be dismantled first.

Now it is easy to guess also, than to pierce a concrete wall. We take a puncher, a drill of a suitable caliber and, observing all the above precautions, drill a lot of holes around the perimeter of the area we want to get rid of. Leave between the holes of small "bridges" with a thickness of 3-5 mm.

Note! For holes of small diameter suitable drill bit like a drill. For the socket under the socket you need a bit-bit.

Conclusion

Concrete wall, seeming monolithic in terms of construction, as you already understood, still requires special attention during the working process. Of course, you might think that such an option (pouring formwork with a height of several meters) is only suitable for professional builders, however, what prevents you from doing it on your site?

Practice on small elements, for example, on a concrete fence. In the presented photos and videos in this article you will find additional information on this topic.