Concrete pipes - types of products: pressure, free-flow.

Concrete is an artificially created material by nature. Its main components are cement, water, and various additives (sand, crushed stone, and fillers). From it you can make various elements and parts that can be used for a long time, including repeatedly, as an example - used concrete pipes.

Main types

In our article we will focus on such structures. They can often be found in different parts of the country where they perform their hard service.

Tip: if you need reinforced concrete pipes, you need to add reinforcement to ordinary concrete in the process of vibropressing.

The industry offers two types of such products: non-pressure and pressure.

Impotent

For liquids that are transported by drift, non-pressure pipes are bell-shaped or faltsevy type. Such products are made of heavy brands of concrete, and groundwater and atmospheric drains can flow through them. Also, this material is used for the production of products laid under road and railway roads, with which it carries out the removal of melt water.

For their manufacture using centrifugation or vibropressing concrete belonging to class B25. They have very high quality and durability.

If we talk about their design, we can distinguish the following main types:

Pressure head

In such pipes, the fluid is transported under a certain pressure. Most often they are used in water supply networks, as well as in sewers. It is worth noting that such concrete pipes are used in construction less and less.

Experts now prefer to use other options:

• polymeric;
• steel with polymer lining;
• cast iron.

However, there are also water pressure networks of the main type, with the help of which water is supplied to entire cities, and even large territories (districts, oblasts).

Tip: for such cases it is better to use pipelines that are made of steel (equipped with lining cement-sand type) or reinforced concrete.

However, their diameter can be:

• 500-1100 mm, which is considered small;
• up to 5500 mm, considered large.

Отметим напорные трубы серии BTН – цилиндрического типа, оснащенные раструбом и прорезиненным кольцом. Значение внутреннего диаметра колеблется в пределах 100-500 мм, длина (в мм):

• 1000;
• 2000.

Reinforced concrete

Preparation method

This type of pipe is obtained by reinforcing concrete with reinforcement, which can be a stressful or unstressed process:

• the first type involves the compression of concrete, after which a special reinforcement in the form of a wire is placed on it;
• the second is to “wrap” the base with a frame made of a reinforcing element.

The next step in the production of reinforced concrete is the formation of a product that is carried out on:

• vibroprokatnom stanane;
• in moveable forms;
• cassettes;
• matrices.

Then it must gain hardness. This process is carried out under normal conditions (if there are no special requirements for the strength of the product) or by means of an autoclave (if the product must obtain high strength).

Reinforced concrete pipes can be either pressure or non-pressure.

The cross section of materials to be used in low pressure systems can be:

• round - denoted by "T";
• ovoidal - "TO";
• elliptical - "TE".

The first group is divided into the following subgroups:

• Socket type, sealant is used for sealing the joints, internal diameter from 400 to 1600 mm, length - 5000 mm (T);
• bell-shaped with a sole - internal diameter from 1000 to 2400 mm, length - 3000, 4500, 5000 (mm);
• with a stepped inner surface of the socket (TS). As a seal, they use a rubberized ring. Internal diameter is from 400 to 1600 mm, the length of products is 2500, 3500 and 5000 (mm);
• step with a sole (TSP), internal diameter from 400 to 1600 mm, length of structures - 2500, 3500 and 5000 (mm);
• with a collar on the butt surface (TB), a rubber ring is used for seals, the inner diameter is from 400 to 1600 mm, the only length option is 5000 mm;
• with collar and sole (TBP), internal diameter from 1000 to 2400 mm, options of lengths 3000, 4500 and 5000 mm;
• folded type (DFT), equipped with a sole, sealants are used to seal the joints, internal diameter from 1000 to 2400 mm, lengths 3000, 4500 and 5000 mm.

Types of products

There are three types of free-flow pipes, differing only in the depth of filling with soil, in (m): 2, 4, 6. To increase the bearing capacity, reinforcement is used, the dimensions do not change.

Among the pressure pipes having a circular cross-section, one can single out:

• bell-shaped, for sealing rubberized rings are used, the inner diameter is from 300 to 2400 mm, length variants - 2500, 3500, 5000 and 5900 mm;
• TNP - TN with a polymer core. Internal diameter is from 400 to 1200 mm, option one of length - 5000 mm;
• TNS - TN with steel core. Internal diameter from 2500 to 6000 mm, length options - 5000 and 10000 mm.

In addition, the industry produces pipes:

• low pressure (not more than 10 atm.);
• medium pressure (not more than 15 atm.);
• high-pressure (up to 20 atm.).

Benefits

If we compare reinforced concrete products with ordinary pipes, they have a number of indisputable advantages before the last:

1. Low price, which is explained by an inexpensive manufacturing process and is not expensive. Therefore, factories establish a small margin on their products so that as many consumers as possible can purchase reinforced concrete structures of decent quality at an acceptable cost.
2. Reliability and durability have already been proven in the course of their operation, when products could withstand heavy loads.. If the manufacturing rules and installation instructions are not violated, the design will serve on the site for more than half a century.
3. The versatility of reinforced concrete pipes is also beyond doubt.. They can be used to perform various works that are associated with repair or construction, lay pipelines at different depths.
4. Resistance to damage to products due to the combination of concrete and steel reinforcement, which allows them not to deform, to be resistant to corrosion and temperature fluctuations. Transportation of products is not difficult.
5. Ease of installation is provided by means of sealing rings, significantly reducing labor time costs for work and allowing you to abandon the use of other materials when joining seams.

disadvantages

But the main drawback can be called a large mass, so they do not install them with their own hands. They require the involvement of special equipment for styling, which is associated with high transportation costs.

Good to know

In conclusion, I would like to talk about a new old technology that was developed in 1932 in the USSR. We are talking about the construction of frame buildings using trubobetona. It makes it possible to reduce the cost and speed of construction of objects by 2 times.

The pioneer of this method was Professor Gvozdev. However, technology has not gone further than our conversations, and now many countries are using its fruits, successfully building high-rise buildings with minimal expenditure.

Conclusion

This material was devoted to pipes made of concrete and reinforced concrete. You have learned how they are produced, their characteristics, labeling and use. For example, that large diameter concrete pipes are often used to supply water to large cities.

The cost of products enables them to compete in some cases with metal or plastic. The video in this article will help you find additional information on this topic.