Chashkorez for timber: how to choose and use correctly

To fix the profiled bars in the log house, lock joints are cut on both sides. The most popular is their type, called "cups". They are cut according to the project of the building on special equipment. You can use a manual bowl cutter for a bar if the walls are assembled right on the site.

Construction companies that sell finished log houses, most often used stationary machines.

Note! Manual zapily do not have thermal locks created in the factory. Such slots have a “maze” configuration. They lock the connection from the inside from the negative effects of the external environment.

Ways of fastening of a bar in a felling

The connection of the walls of a cobbled building can be done with or without a residue.

In the first case, you can use two types of locking fillets:

• fixing the material "in the cup";
• fastening "in oblo";
• the connection of the elements of the crown without remainder is called the swallow's nest.

In this article we will talk about how you can make a cup-shaped fixation with your own hands. It is also called the “warm corner.” This name she received because of the insulating lock, which can be created using a similar connection.

Immediately it should be noted that some experts are incredulous about this type of mounting profiled bars. This material dries out greatly, as a result, during operation at home, in the cups gaps are formed. Additionally, capping the corners of a building with this method of connection is problematic. Therefore, the walls lose some of their insulating properties. (See also the article Connecting timber in the corners and straight walls)

Equipment selection

When purchasing a hand tool or a production line, pay special attention to the technical characteristics of the devices. This will provide an opportunity to optimize the work and increase its effectiveness.

What factors should pay attention

Choosing a bowl cutter for profiled timber, ask about the following parameters:

• diameter and shape of the cutting crown;
• the possibility of processing the material from different angles;
• total declared power of equipment;
• maximum section of the processed timber;
• level of speed of the return and working giving;
• the maximum number of revolutions of the cutter;
• Does the stationary machine have a CNC unit;
• Whether there are additional options: chain or circular sawing units for trimming logs, the ability to work with a twin drill, using a composite milling machine, etc.

Some moments

1. He washed down the bowls with a mechanical method at woodworking enterprises and has a number of limitations arising from the accuracy of the used cup-cutting machines for the timber.
2. In turn, the creation of connections manually has a number of specific limitations, which take place due to the inaccuracy of mobile tools and workers.
3. However, now there are highly skilled craftsmen who are able to assemble a log house from a bar into a bowl by hand, no worse than with factory joints.
4. In the production of cups cut out with gaps, components 1 / 1.5 mm. With manual work, you can make connections in tension, that is, without gaps.

The main difference between factory-made bowls and hand-made analogs is their configuration. The form of the compounds may be different. They may have different angles of inclination.

How devices work

The main purpose of the described devices is to create, with the help of milling, cups of a semicircular shape, as well as rectangular grooves for stacking a profiled bar or a rounded log into the frame.

Depending on the design, the cup cutter can be an independent center of a multifunctional type with a full woodworking cycle or be in the form of a compact machine with its fixation right on the bars.

Features of the equipment

Most often, cutting of cups on a profiled bar occurs with the help of electric cutters. The most popular brands of such devices are "Makita", "AEG", "Felisatti", "Interskol", etc.

They all have a similar design.

1. On the working part (milling cutter) of the device there are strong plates made of a special alloy. They have two sharp edges.
2. In order to reduce the load during the operation of the machine, these plates are mounted with a slope to the axis of rotation of the cutter. They can be removed and fastened with screws.
3. The working part is installed in a special frame, with which it can move across the width or height of the beam and carry out work throughout its section.
4. A special lifting device allows you to adjust the depth of the future connection on the material and make it what is needed according to the corresponding design scheme of the house or cottage from a bar.
5. The frame with the cutter is attached to the vice where you need to cut the mortise lock. On them the timber is located in advance.
6. The frame can be moved along the base of the machine in the transverse direction.
7. The joint movement of the working part across and along, allows you to create cups of the required width and depth.

Zapilov calculation

When making a profiled bar with cups, it is necessary to take into account when carrying out its dimensions. Otherwise, there is a danger of immediately damaging the material or making sections of the connection of the elements of the framework not strong enough.

The formula for determining the parameters of gash looks like this: T = (B + P): 4, where the letters mean:

• T is the thickness of the groove in the material;
• B - the total height of the beam used;
• P - the size of the groove or spike on the element of the log.

As an example, we will give the calculation and washed down the bowls for bars with a cross section of 200 × 200 mm. The lock will be equal to 12 mm. The formula thus looks like this: (200 + 12): 4 = 53 millimeters.

The instruction prescribes the implementation of washed down the cups according to the following technology.

1. First, the timber is processed to a depth of 15/25 mm along the border of the future joint.
2. Next is determined by the center of the castle.
3. The milling device is lowered to a predetermined depth, and the cup is finally cut.

Types of compounds

Modern equipment makes it possible to perform different types of fastening the beam "in the cup."

The following are the most common.

1. Connection in the form of the letter "T". To create such locks, machines are used, on the working part of which special nozzles-mills are installed. Equipment capable of making similar fillings - “Blox”, “Krusi”, “Euroblox”, “Brusovit”, etc. These cups are created in 2 stages.

1. Quadrilateral locks. Often they are used not only for the installation of timber, but also a block house. Similar flashes are made with an end mill having a cylindrical shape. The lower and upper parts of such a cup have a rectangular cross-section, so that the straight side of the material can be mounted. The sides are cut in a special pattern that is fixed in a vice simultaneously with the bar.

Comparison of manual and stationary cup choppers

It is unambiguous to say which profiled beam with chipping is better: using machines or manual machines, it is impossible. However, many of the craftsmen prefer to order timber without locks and make them on the construction site using mobile devices.

Note! This equipment helps to achieve accurate perpendicularity of the rows of the bar when assembling the log house. Manual machines can be used to create connections from scratch, as well as to fix ready-made bowls, if a manufacturing defect has been allowed.

For operation in small woodworking enterprises, it also makes sense to purchase such devices. They are installed powerful cutters, with which, with sufficient qualifications of workers, you can carry out work with the same quality as on stationary machines.

It should be noted that the price of cutting cups in different companies is different. It also depends on the type of castle.

When comparing a hand gash of compounds and carried out in shop conditions, the following conclusions are suggested.

1. In a production environment, with stationary cutting locks, the human factor decreases, but it does not completely disappear.
2. With approximately equal advantages of manual and factory zapilov, the determining factor in the quality of work is the qualification of the hearer, machine operator, and also the foreman or manager of the enterprise.
3. The advantage of factory bowls in their configuration. However, an experienced master can repeat their form manually.
4. The presence and quality of thermal locks when cutting bowls on stationary equipment, depend primarily on the literacy of workers and the brand of machines.

Conclusion

The selection of compounds in a timber requires accuracy and accuracy, since the quality and strength of the building depends on the quality of the locks. Mechanical method of cutting bowls available directly on the construction site. It will give the opportunity to do the work with high quality and with minimum labor costs.

The video in this article will clearly demonstrate the actions described, look!