Building a timber house - step by step guide

Do you have a country plot for a cottage or cottage, but there is no decision on what to build and what? In this case, the construction of the bar - this is something that you certainly will be interested.

Today, when the market offers a wide selection of various building materials, wood is still the most environmentally friendly, affordable and appropriate solution.

People began to build houses of wood exactly when they decided that it was time to leave the lived-in, but not enough comfortable caves. The choice of building materials in those times, primarily due to ease of processing and accessibility. I must say that these advantages remain relevant to this day, but the technology has undergone significant changes.

Construction technology

How is the construction of houses made of timber?

This type of construction work is divided into a number of stages, which are implemented in a certain sequence.

• Geodetic survey and analysis of the site;
• Design;
• Procurement of building materials;
• Foundation construction;
• Walling;
• Okosyachki making под двери и окна;
• Roof system construction;
• Arrangement of ceilings;
• Flooring;
• Arrangement of auxiliary structures.

Preparatory work

Study area

Geodetic research and analysis of the site - this is the stage at which the implementation requires the participation of highly qualified specialists. At this stage, such parameters of the site as density and stability of the soil are determined, which may in one way or another affect the operation of the construction object.

The information obtained in the course of these works will be used in the preparation of project documentation and in the registration of the individual housing property in the cadastral services.

Design

Design – один из наиболее ответственных этапов, от которого во многом зависит результат постройки из бруса. Проект является подробным чертежом всех помещений в доме с указанием точных размеров.

Guided by the project documentation, you can make a preliminary estimate of construction materials and upcoming work. This advantage allows you to avoid overspending of building materials and prevent inconsistencies in the timing of the commissioning of a construction object.

In order for the finished house to be of high quality, reliable and durable, the construction instruction must be developed by a specialized bureau at construction organizations.

Tip: typical projects are much cheaper than individual ones. Moreover, the model buildings were tested in real conditions, and therefore, it is likely that the finished house will meet your expectations.

Procurement of materials

Construction material procurement is the next stage, during which estimates are made and everything necessary for construction is acquired. In spite of the fact that the construction of a house from a timber is to be done, it will not be possible to limit the acquisition of wood, since materials are needed for the foundation and for roofing.

Counting the amount of material, it is important not to make mistakes, since it is not always possible to return the excess to the supplier.

Building materials and their advantages

At the same stage, you need to choose the right beam. At the moment, there is a large selection of this building material on the market and in order to acquire the most suitable modification, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of lumber.

Consider the features of solid wood, glued and double profiled timber.

Benefits

• The price of all three categories is lower than the cost of traditional building materials, such as brick and stone;
• Low thermal conductivity and, as a result, the energy efficiency of the finished house;
• Low weight of lumber, so you can build quickly, without using lifting special equipment;
• The short time required for shrinkage can be quickly settled as a result;
• Environmental cleanliness and safety of the material;
• Natural regulation of the microclimate due to the fact that wood "breathes";
• The wall as a monolithic construction due to the tongue-and-groove joint profile;
• Aesthetically attractive exterior and interior of the finished house;
• No need for wall decoration.

disadvantages

Like all sawn timber, bars, mostly solid wood, are subject to mechanical deformation due to shrinkage processes and the negative impact of environmental factors. To prevent damage to the material should be entrusted to construction professionals, and not to do everything with their own hands in order to save money.

Choose the best

Weighing all the pros and cons, we can conclude that the optimal modification of profiled sawn timber is glued laminated timber.

Unlike solid wood, glued modifications are characterized by lower weight and greater resistance to mechanical deformation. The fact is that the structural features of glued bars effectively compensate for the effect of shrinkage stresses.

Despite the higher cost, this category of lumber today can be used for the construction of a country house.

Foundation

Construction of houses from a bar begins with the foundation. As a basis, you can use tape and column types of foundations, which, in turn, can be shallowly deep or deep (deep).

The choice of the basis for the house should be carried out in accordance with such criteria as:

• features (density and stability) of the soil;
• depth of groundwater;
• weight and total area of ​​the building;
• climatic features characteristic of the region.

A suitable type of foundation is indicated in the project documentation, as in this case the data of the geodetic survey of the site are taken into account. Considering the low weight of lumber constructions, a finely recessed strip-type foundation is often used.

Unlike the columnar counterpart, the tape base is characterized by greater strength and durability.

Strip foundation обустраивается по периметру всего дома на месте расположения всех несущих стен и межкомнатных перегородок.

Important: when starting to work, keep in mind, you will have to dig a lot of ground. Although the trench in depth will go no more than 70 cm, it’s not easy to cope with land works, so you can use the mini excavator rental.

Trench 70x40 cm, 10 cm lined with sand. Next is a wooden formwork, the edges of which are above the ground level by an average of 30 cm.

On the sandy layer fit a number of rubble stone of medium size. For the stability of the foundation, the stone is driven into the ground with a sledgehammer.

If desired, you can use reinforcement to the concrete base lasts for centuries without the need for repair. Concrete is poured on top of the prepared structure (mixture of cement, river sand and fine gravel).

Note! If the construction of klennogo timber passes in the summer, it is advisable to cover the formwork from the sun to prevent the formation of cracks on the surface of the concrete.

After solidification, the surface of the obtained base is leveled with a solution of cement and fine-grained sifted sand, in order to avoid relief. Then the formwork beats off and you can proceed to waterproofing.

Waterproofing is necessary to prevent rotting of the timber at the site of contact with the concrete. The simplest and most inexpensive way is to use hot bitumen.

This coating is hydrophobic, but dries out over time, loses its elasticity and cracks. For the best results, special waterproofing materials are used, which have not lost their original qualities for decades.

Laying timber

For laying lumber will need a number of tools:

• hacksaw for wood;
• benzo or electric saw;
• chisels of different sizes;
• hammers of different sizes;
• a sledgehammer and a wooden kyivanka;
• perforator, drill with pobeditovoy surfacing on the thickness of the dowels and "cartridge" under the drill on the tree;
• measuring instrument (water level, tape measure, string and pencil);
• consumables, including mezhventsovy sealant.

Самый сложный этап - это монтаж первого ряда. Для первого ряда выбираются наиболее ровные брусья. Floorожение бруса в горизонтальной плоскости можно определить посредством ровной балки (не менее 2 метров) с закрепленным на ней водяным уровнем.

Lumber is fastened to the foundation surface with the help of dowel pins, which ensure sufficient fixation Fundamentally important knot of box log are corner joints. The stability of the geometrical forms of the construction object largely depends on their quality and compliance with technological standards.

At present, several types of corner joints are commonly used. The connection “half-timbered” is carried out as follows, at both ends of the beam grooves are cut in half the beam section. Next lumber overlap each other and fastened either with staples or nails.

So that such a connection does not become "cold" later, it is necessary to professionally mark out the wood and with special precision make the notches. In some cases, instead of metal fasteners, wooden pins are used, which are driven in with a wooden mallet.

Such an approach to the assembly of log structures is advisable for the reason that the wood does not have direct contact with the metal, which means that there is a greater likelihood that it will not rot and collapse.

Laying each new timber should be interspersed with the installation of a layer of insulation. Insulation is placed on the site of the tongue-and-groove connection and ensures the complete absence of cracks and gaps.

There are also less popular, but commonly used connection types, such as:

• in the "cup" (in the "Oblo");
• "On the mustache" with a secret spike;
• "dovetail";
• "With a root spike in the dressing."

These types of compounds are difficult to implement, but provide the lowest thermal conductivity of the walls. In addition, construction with this type of corner joint ensures an optimal appearance of the construction object.

At each stage of installation, it is necessary to check the positioning of the timber, both in the horizontal and in the vertical plane. Sawn timber with a slight curvature should be set sagging up.

In this case, the wood will straighten out under the weight of the upper beams and there will probably not be any gaps. If between the middle and the ends of the timber the amount of deflection is more than 2 cm, it is necessary to straighten the lumber, securing it between two sleepers with the corresponding weight from above.

The window

Следующим этапом строительства является изготовление окосячки. The window - это деревянная конструкция, которая вставляется в оконный или дверной проем и принимает на себя нагрузку, оказываемую весом брусьев.

This structural element is also made of sawn timber. In the wall material a gap is cut into the groove, into which a groove is inserted with an appropriate size comb.

At the moment, okosyachka is made under traditional wooden windows and under plastic double-glazed windows.

Ceiling and roof

Ceilings are made in several stages. First of all, in the upper part of the walls are attached longitudinal bars. For these purposes dry wood is used, which will not bend due to shrinkage.

On the underside, a plank lath is mounted on which the finishing material will be mounted. A heater and a vapor barrier are placed on top. The budget roofing system is made gable, but there are more complex options designed to implement complex architectural designs.

Floor

Floor настилается практически на завершающем этапе строительства. Для настила пола устанавливаются продольные лаги, пространство между которыми заполняется утеплителем.

Conclusion

Wooden buildings were in demand at all times, but right now the technologies have been developed, thanks to which they have become reliable and durable.

Choosing a log house for everyday living, you get:

• acceptable construction cost;
• environmental cleanliness and safety of used building materials;
• the possibility of rapid settlement;
• comfortable accommodation for a warm and cold season.

The details of this topic can be found by watching the video in this article.