Asphalt mix - the best material for laying pavements

This material is nothing but a rationally selected composition of bitumen, gravel, sand and in some individual cases of mineral powder, which are mixed together in certain proportions in a heated state. Asphalt concrete mix is ​​made according to GOST 9128-2009.

Mixture classification

Such materials are classified according to several basic parameters related directly to the composition of the mixture itself and the characteristics of the components of which it is composed. First of all, they are classified according to the type of mineral component:

Size, brands, minerals

Also asphalt concrete, they can be classified according to the size of the mineral grains present in it.

The following 3 types are distinguished:

• Sandy. Grain size is less than 5 (mm).
• Fine-grained. Grain size is less than 20 (mm).
• Coarse grained. Grain size is less than 40 (mm).

Обратите внимание! Fine-grained смеси применяют как для укладки верхних, так и нижних слоёв любых покрытий или же оснований. Coarse grained, в свою очередь, используют только для укладки нижних слоёв.

Asphalt mixes are divided into brands. Brand depends on the strength of the stone material that is used in it.

In total there are 2 brands:

• The second. For this brand used crushed stone 800-1000.
• The first. For the first brand crushed stone 1000-1200 is used.

The following classification concerns the mineral component.

Depending on the material used, the mixture is divided into:

• Sandy.
• Crushed stone.
• Gravel

You can also make a classification according to the temperature at which the mixture is laid.

Depending on the temperature regime, the following 2 types are distinguished:

• Cold. When laying such a mixture, its temperature should not be below five degrees Celsius.
• Hot. The temperature of such a mixture when laying should not be below 120 degrees Celsius.

Note! Any plant producing this product must have a certificate of conformity for the asphalt-concrete mix. Moreover, such a certificate must be attached to each type of mixture that is produced at this plant.

Organic Mineral Blends

In addition to all the above classifications, you can make another division into:

• Organic Mineral Blends. Их получают путём смешивания битумной эмульсии и продуктов отсева дробления горного известняка. Стоит заметить, что известняк не должен быть ниже марки М800.

These mixtures are mainly used to repair asphalt concrete pavements of any type of roads, be it a highway, a pedestrian street or a city square. Laying can be done at an ambient temperature not lower than -10 degrees Celsius. Such a mixture can be stored for a maximum of 8 months.

Installation guidelines

Инструкция гласит, что производиться такой материал должен на заводе при положительных температурах, а отгрузка должна осуществляться в кузов автосамосвала (читайте также статью «Изделия из бетона и особенности их изготовления в домашних условиях»).

Organic Mineral Blends, в свою очередь, подразделяются на:

1. Sand, in which the maximum grain size should not exceed 5 (mm).
2. Fine-grained, for which the maximum grain size is 10 (mm).

Crushed stone mastic mixture. It is used when laying the upper layers of highways, airfield pavements, pedestrian streets, city squares. Due to its properties, such a material enhances grip, which contributes to improved road safety.

The life of the road, during the laying of which this material was applied, is greatly increased. By its structure, this mixture resembles porous asphalt. But it has the advantage over porous asphalt that in it the space between the stone material is 94-97% filled, while in the porous asphalt, about 20% of this space remains unfilled.

Rubble

According to the accepted standards, the temperature of the crushed stone-mastic mixture during shipment should be around 150 degrees Celsius. Due to the extremely high temperatures of hot mixes, extreme care must be taken when working with them with your own hands.

These mixtures, in turn, are divided into:

1. The basis of these mixtures is crushed stone, whose maximum grain size does not exceed 15 (mm).
2. The maximum grain size of gravel for this mixture should not exceed 20 (mm).

• Cast mixture. They are used for the repair and construction of roads, pedestrian areas, city squares. Used for laying the top layer of the coating. Cast mixtures are almost indispensable for the repair of roads.

This is especially true of the winter period, when the ambient temperature drops to -10 degrees Celsius.

If ordinary mixtures can be applied starting from approximately April, then using cast mixtures, you can patch holes on the roads all year round. The temperature of the mixture of this type being shipped is often 220 degrees Celsius.

When repair work is carried out in winter conditions, the car body in which the material is transported to the work site must be equipped with a special insulating bunker. Its size is 8 tons, and it is equipped with mixers, which constantly mix the mixture, and continuously working burners, which do not allow it to cool.

The advantage of using the cast mixture during the winter period is the fact that it can be put directly on a wet surface.

Note! The high temperature of the stacked mixture predetermines its greater mobility, which, in turn, allows it to warm, dry and smooth the edges of the holes and hollows into which it is poured.

Thus, without the use of rollers, pavers and other bulky equipment, a very high level of adhesion of the new layer of asphalt concrete with the old layer is achieved.

In order to give the pavement the roughness relying upon it, after the providence of laying, fine crushed stone is scattered on the surface, which is then evenly distributed over the entire area.

Roughness is needed to improve grip. After the cast mixture hardens, a very durable coating is formed that will be resistant to any kind of deformation.

The waterproofness and frost resistance of such a coating are also at the highest level. Resistance to wear, like all previous parameters, does not cause any complaints from road users.

Special mention should be made of such an important parameter as the weight of the asphalt concrete mixture per 1 m3. The value of this indicator may vary depending on the type of mixture and the granularity of the filler. But in general, we can say that one cubic meter of such material weighs in the range from 2,200 to 2,450 kilograms.

Acceptance

There are some nuances in the rules of acceptance of ready-to-use mixture. For example, acceptance is always done in batches.

A batch, in this case, is considered to be a one-piece mixture that was produced on one machine during a single shift at the plant. By quantitative parameters there is a difference for cold and hot mixes.

If for hot amounts the quantity should not exceed 600 tons, then for cold mixes this figure should not exceed 200 tons. If the cold mixture is placed for further storage at the warehouse, then the technology allows for its random mixing with the previously stored at the warehouse, provided that the obi mixtures have the same composition.

Since the amount of the mixture is determined, as has already become clear, solely by weight, there is a need for weighing. It is usually produced on rail or on truck scales. If the shipment is carried out on a ship, then the draft of the ship is measured after all the cargo has been accepted.

In order to be able to verify the compliance of the shipped goods, the declared characteristics, periodic and acceptance tests are provided. For each of these procedures, its own protocols and test conditions have been developed.

Providence of such tests makes sense even in the case when the manufacturer has on hand a certificate for asphalt concrete mix. Additional verification will be another confirmation of the compliance of product characteristics with the stated requirements.

Tests are designed in practice to establish the value of such indicators as:

• Compressive strength at different temperatures.
• Resistance to aggressive effects of the aquatic environment.
• Water saturation This indicator is measured in both cold and hot mixes.
• The determination of the grain composition is also a prerequisite for verification.

After the check has been carried out, the buyer is given a document certifying that the material fully complies with all requirements. It should be said that the document can relate to only one particular party.

Consequently, if shipment of several batches occurs, it is necessary to conduct an examination of each individual batch. And accordingly, a separate identification document will be issued for each batch.

To date, there are no competitive analogues of asphalt mixes. Their high functional characteristics, attractive price and ease of use make them the main material for laying pavement, whether it be roads or pedestrian zones.

Conclusion

Какой бы материал не использовался, асфальтобетонная смесь марки 1 тип А или другая, все равно самостоятельно уложить ее практически нереально (см.также статью «Современные бетонные заборы, их виды и назначение»).

And the proposed video in this article is intended to explain how the mixture works after it is placed on the road with special equipment.