A cesspool of concrete rings at the dacha: the principle of

It is no secret that country houses or cottages rarely connect to centralized sewers, and therefore even at the design stage of facilities it is necessary to provide for an autonomous system for the disposal of wastewater and waste, such as, for example, an overflow cesspool from concrete rings.

In this article we will consider the main points related to the design of such systems, and also describe their construction.

Functioning principle of cesspools

Before considering the drawings of the cesspool of concrete rings, let us tell about the features of the functioning of this system.

• At the initial stage, the wastewater, having passed through a siphon and an inclined sewer pipe, penetrates into the receiving chamber.
• In the receiving chamber the waste is divided into two main components - into heavy and light components. Again, inside the receiving chamber, processes of primary treatment of fecal waters proceed through chemical neutralization, natural rotting, oxidation and fermentation.

As a result, the initial volume of wastewater becomes less chemically active, and, therefore, already at this stage represents less harm to the environment.

• Gradually, new volumes of wastewater penetrate into the receiving chamber, and therefore the content level rises. Reaching a certain level, the contents of the system reaches the height of the overflow, which is located above the inlet.

Having reached the overflow hole, the liquid, in accordance with the law of communicating vessels, is poured into another tank (filter well), which is equipped with a filter bottom.

Important: On average, once every 2 months, the accumulation system should be cleared from the contents by means of sewage disposal. In the process of cleaning the pumping sleeve (hose) connected to the tank with the compressor equipment is immersed in the system.

System diagram

Перед тем как начать строительство выгребной ямы из бетонных колец, необходимо составить схему, в соответствии с которой можно будет рассчитать параметры производительности системы. Корректность составления схемы - это важный момент, от которого будет зависеть удобство и эффективность строительного объекта в целом (читайте также статью «Гвозди по бетону – возможность создать прочный и надежный крепеж»).

Important: When designing a cesspool, it is necessary to think in advance on the access roads for the sewage truck. It happens so that this moment is lost sight of and the alteration of the entire system of the sewage treatment plant is subsequently required, which, of course, is expensive, difficult and not always possible.

In the figures above and below, you can see a septic tank, which consists of the following components:

• a well equipped with an airtight bottom;
• well equipped with a filtering bottom;
• pipes and fittings.

If for one reason or another you plan to discharge treated effluents into the reservoir, then, in accordance with the standards and requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological services, waste, in addition to the main treatment, will have to undergo additional treatment and decontamination. Consequently, in addition to the previously listed components of the system, additional capacity from reinforced concrete rings will be required in which these processes will take place.

Important: The construction of the cesspool should be developed taking into account the requirements for distance, namely, to the nearest well or well should be at least 30 meters, and to construction sites at least 5 meters.

Now we will try to calculate the working volume of the sump. It is not difficult to do this; it is enough to calculate the volume of each ring and multiply the resulting number by the number of rings. Conversely, knowing how much volume you need, divide this number by the volume of one ring and get the required number of reinforced concrete components.

The internal volume of the ring can be calculated using the following formula: V =? D? H / 4 (V is the volume;? = 3.14; D is the diameter; H is the height of the ring). However, you can do it easier and find out this parameter from the manufacturer or the seller.

We prepare materials

Устройство выгребной ямы из бетонных колец предполагает предварительную заготовку необходимых стройматериалов (см.также статью «Шлакобетон – все, что нужно знать о данном виде материалов»).

We will need the following:

• reinforced concrete rings (size and quantity in accordance with the scheme);
• reinforced concrete floors, selected in accordance with the sizes of the rings;
• polymer or metal entrance hatch;
• cement mortar (based on cement grade not lower than M400);
• liquid glass;
• bitumen mastic and other waterproofing materials.

Important: During the construction process, it may be necessary to cut the reinforced concrete with diamond circles and this should be considered in advance.

Sequence of work

• In the planned places we dig two pits.

• Using rings with a bottom, the pit is just compacted.. If the rings are bottomless, the lower part of the pit is concreted (the layer thickness must be no thinner than 10 cm).

Since the second tank does not provide for the need for complete tightness, we place the reinforced concrete rings directly on the ground. But before that it is advisable to organize the drainage of the pit, compacting the bottom with gravel or crushed stone filling.

• As it dries, the concrete layer is sealed with liquid glass.
• We install the rings in the pits. To do this, use lifting equipment, in the absence of such, we work manually, but in compliance with safety regulations.
• We isolate each ring at the junction by applying a sealant from chamber or pitched rubber. The side surface of the joints is covered with bitumen mastic, and then with cement mortar.
• At the next stage, we are laying pipes, and right now diamond drilling of holes in concrete may be required.. If this service does not work, you will have to punch holes in the rings.

The trench for pipe laying should dig to a depth of freezing of 1-1.5 m with a gradient of 3-5%.

• After the system is mounted and the pipes are laid, we carry out a test. Fill the water and inspect all joints and connections for leaks. If there is no leak, install the upper floor and install the hatch.

Conclusion

Как вы сами могли убедиться, выгребная яма из бетонных колец своими руками может быть построчена, причем цена готового результата будет на порядок ниже, чем при участии профессиональных монтажников и сантехников (см.также статью «Мозаичный бетон для изготовления красивого пола с мраморной крошкой»).

Adhere to the above recommendations, use quality materials, and success will be guaranteed. If you have any questions that require qualified explanations, watch the video in this article.